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Key Metrics & Estimates

Understanding AI risk requires tracking concrete, measurable indicators. This section catalogs key metrics across domains—from compute growth to public opinion—that help assess where we are and where we’re heading.

These metrics serve multiple purposes:

  • Situational awareness: Understanding the current state of AI development
  • Forecasting: Inputs for predicting future trajectories
  • Evaluation: Measuring the effectiveness of safety interventions
  • Communication: Grounding abstract discussions in concrete numbers

CategoryDescription
Compute & HardwareGPU production, training compute, efficiency trends
AI CapabilitiesBenchmarks, task performance, capability trajectories
Economic & LaborInvestment, automation, productivity impacts
Safety ResearchResearcher headcount, funding, publication rates
Alignment ProgressInterpretability, robustness, alignment tax
Governance & PolicyRegulations, enforcement, international agreements
Lab BehaviorRSP compliance, safety practices, transparency
Public OpinionAwareness, concern, trust levels
Expert OpinionP(doom), timelines, researcher surveys
GeopoliticsUS-China dynamics, talent flows, coordination
Structural IndicatorsInformation quality, institutional capacity, resilience

  • Find current best estimates for key parameters
  • Identify data gaps and measurement challenges
  • Track changes over time
  • Input variables for models and predictions
  • Base rates and reference classes
  • Uncertainty ranges and confidence intervals
  • Evidence base for regulatory decisions
  • Monitoring indicators for AI governance
  • International comparison data

Metrics vary significantly in:

  • Availability: Some are publicly tracked; others require inference
  • Reliability: Some come from rigorous measurement; others from surveys or estimates
  • Timeliness: Some update continuously; others are snapshots
  • Comparability: Definitions and methodologies may differ across sources

Each page notes data quality and limitations for specific metrics.


SourceCoverage
Epoch AICompute trends, notable models database
AI Index (Stanford HAI)Comprehensive annual report
State of AI ReportIndustry trends, research progress
CAIS SurveysExpert opinion on AI risk
Our World in DataLong-term trends, public data
MetaculusForecasts on AI milestones
AI Safety Papers DatabaseSafety research tracking