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Misuse Potential

Risk Factor

Misuse Potential

Model RoleRoot Factor (AI System)
Key ParametersBiological Threat Exposure, Cyber Threat Exposure, Racing Intensity
Primary OutcomeExistential Catastrophe

Misuse Potential measures the likelihood and severity of AI being weaponized or exploited by malicious actors. Unlike Misalignment Potential (which measures unintended AI behavior), Misuse Potential measures intentional harmful use by humans.

Primary outcome affected: Existential Catastrophe ↑↑↑

High misuse potential means more vectors for catastrophe even if AI systems are well-aligned. These threats can overwhelm defenses, trigger cascading failures, or exploit concentrated power.


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These threats compound each other:

  • Concentration amplifies impact: When control is concentrated, single failures affect everyone
  • Bio and cyber interact: Same AI capabilities that enable one often enable the other
  • Threat success breeds threat: Successful attacks demonstrate viability and attract more actors

This creates threat escalation dynamics—each incident makes the next more likely.


90
Human-Caused Catastrophe
Core driver - misuse is the direct mechanism
35
Long-term Lock-in
Misuse could trigger authoritarian responses
25
AI Takeover
Primarily affects human catastrophe, not takeover

Misuse Potential and Misalignment Potential are complementary risk factors:

FactorMisalignment PotentialMisuse Potential
SourceAI behaviorHuman actors
DirectionAI pursues unintended goalsHumans weaponize AI
FocusTechnical alignmentAccess controls & defense
ImprovabilityResearch & investmentHarder to reduce

Both matter: Either can cause existential catastrophe independently. High misalignment potential means AI might cause harm on its own; high misuse potential means humans will use AI to cause harm.


AI Control Concentration is unique because its effect depends on who controls:

  • If control concentrates in safety-conscious actors: May reduce risk
  • If control concentrates in reckless or malicious actors: Dramatically increases risk
  • In either case: Reduces resilience to bad actors gaining control

This makes concentration a key uncertainty in existential catastrophe assessment.